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Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Montana Indian Food, Unspecified
Inner bark formerly used for food.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Montana Indian Other, Tools
Twigs used for twirling sticks in fire production.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Pollen used in the 'Night Chant' medicine.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Cones with seeds removed used as a ceremonial medicine.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Needles used as a ceremonial emetic.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine
Compound decoction of needles taken for bad coughs and fever.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic
Needles used as a ceremonial emetic.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Febrifuge
Compound decoction of needles taken for fever and bad cough.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Building Material
Branches often used to cover a sweathouse.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Building Material
Wood used for hogans, fence posts and corral construction.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Furniture
Wood used to make boards and cradle bow of the two board type of baby cradle. A young tree, in an area where few people go and therefore not likely to be cut down, is selected, corn pollen is sprinkled on it from the bottom upward, and a solid piece is taken from the east side. As the cradle is made, prayers are said but no songs sung. If the first baby is a boy, the top tips of the boards are truncated, if it is a girl, they are pointed; thereafter either kind can be used for either sex and the cradle is saved for later children unless the baby dies. The cradle is rubbed with red ochre and tallow to protect if from evil spirits who never use red paint. Formerly, a buckskin covering was used over the top but now a blanket is considered better. The footboard is moved down as the baby grows and the cradle is discarded when the baby begins to walk. Small branches of a tree from which squirrels have gnawed the bark are tied together in a row about five inches long and tied to the cradle to keep the baby from hurting himself (until he is three years old). Dirt from a spot where a squirrel has landed on the ground is placed in a buckskin bag and attached to the sticks as an additional precaution (effective even when the baby is grown).
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Snow Gear
Wood slabs tied together with yucca fiber used as snowshoes.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Food, Unspecified
Bark eaten raw.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Other, Containers
Bark used to make containers for sand painting pigments.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Other, Fuel
Wood used for firewood.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Navajo, Ramah Other, Stable Gear
Wood used to make saddle horns, pommel and back.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Nez Perce Other, Fasteners
Pitch used as glue.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Nez Perce Other, Lighting
Pitch used to make torches.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Abortifacient
Green buds never chewed by pregnant women because it would cause a miscarriage.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antihemorrhagic
Decoction of plant tops taken for internal hemorrhaging.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of pitch applied to boils.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Eye Medicine
Infusion of dried buds used as an eyewash.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Febrifuge
Decoction of plant tops taken for high fevers.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Good medicine for the stomach.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Witchcraft Medicine
Needles spread on the floor of the sweathouse to fight off 'plhax,' witchcraft.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material
Needles used as insulation for underground storage pits.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Canoe Material
Wood used to make dugout canoes.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Food, Candy
Green buds chewed and the juice sucked by children.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Food, Candy
Pitch used as chewing gum.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Food, Frozen Food
Cambium frozen for future use.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified
Cambium used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified
Seeds eaten like nuts.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Food, Winter Use Food
Seeds stored for winter use.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Other, Ceremonial Items
Smoldering cones thrown into the air in the direction of rain clouds to make the rain stop.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Other, Fasteners
Pitch used to cement feathers onto arrow shafts.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagan-Colville Other, Hide Preparation
Rotten wood used for smoking deer hides.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagon Drug, Eye Medicine
Decoction of gum used as an ointment for sore eyes.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagon Food, Staple
Cambium layer used as a principle food.
Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagon Food, Staple
Nutlets or seeds used as a principle food.
Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Okanagon Food, Unspecified
Seeds used for food.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of dry, chewed pitch used on boils.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Paiute Fiber, Building Material
Bark used to make houses.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Paiute Food, Candy
Dried pitch used as chewing gum.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Paiute Food, Dried Food
Inner bark sun dried and stored.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Paiute Food, Unspecified
Inner bark eaten fresh and raw.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Paiute Food, Unspecified
Seeds used for food.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Paiute Other, Fasteners
Pitch used as glue in arrow making and other manufactures.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Paiute Other, Preservative
Pitch used to protect pictures painted on rocks.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Paiute Other, Waterproofing Agent
Melted pitch used to waterproof the outside of water jugs woven of willow.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40
Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson
Ponderosa Pine
USDA PIPOP
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified
Cambium layer eaten raw. This was an important food. The bark was removed in sections with the aid of wooden wedges. Sap scrapers were made from the rib of the deer by cutting it to an appropriate length, sharpening the edges and rounding the working end.
Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103